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Allergies are common health issues that arise when the bodys immune system overreacts to foreign substances such as pollen or certain foods that trigger a range of uncomfortable and sometimes serious symptoms. In India, the estimated prevalence of allergic rhinitis was 3 to 11% in children aged 6 to 7 years and 24.4% in those aged 13 to 14 years.
Causes of allergies
When an individual is first exposed to an allergen, they may not cause any allergic reaction. However, over time, with repeated exposures, the immune system recognizes the allergen as a threat and produces a specific type of antibody called immunoglobin E (IgE). This IgE binds to certain types of cells, which in turn release chemical substances that trigger allergic symptoms. One of these chemicals, called histamines, causes the muscles in the airways and blood vessels to constrict. It also stimulates the lining of the nose to produce more mucus.
Pollens, dust mites, pet dander, mold spores, certain foods, insect stings, specific medications, and contact allergens are common allergens. Allergies can also be hereditary.
Symptoms
An allergic reaction causes inflammation and irritation. The specific symptoms of an allergic reaction depend on the type of allergen and the severity of the inflammation and irritation. The symptoms of an allergic reaction depend on the type of allergen and can range from mild to severe. Common symptoms include:
Diagnosis
It is important to seek medical advice if there is any doubt of having an allergic reaction. Allergists perform tests such as skin prick tests and blood tests to identify specific allergen-triggering reactions.
It is important to note that not all allergens can be detected through skin prick tests or blood tests.
Management and prevention
It is important to understand allergens to manage them effectively. Avoiding allergens is a key management method, but it may not always eliminate allergic reactions. It is often impossible to prevent the development of allergies, but taking certain precautions can help reduce the risk. Here are some of the methods through which allergies can be managed:
Allergies can significantly impact the quality of life, but the allergic reaction can be minimized by acquiring correct knowledge and appropriate management strategies. If there is any suspicion of allergies, it is advisable to consult an allergist for proper diagnosis and guidance on managing the condition. Early intervention and proactive management can make a world of difference to lead a comfortable life despite allergies.